Introduction.
Building a computer can be a very rewarding experience. Since you’re reading this, you’re probably thinking about building your next computer instead of buying one pre-built. This is a very viable option these days and can bring many benefits; you can learn a lot about computer hardware by building one, you get a totally personalized computer, you can choose better components and you may be able to save some money. But even given all of these advantages, there is one really good reason to build instead of buy – because it’s fun.
At x Casing.
Printer.transparencies.
Modem.
KeyBoard.
Mother Board.
The Mother board I have chosen Abit IN 932X Max Intel Socket 775 Mother board. The Cost is $ 220.A motherboard is the central electronic system in a computer.Most Important Part For me.
Creative Xtreme X-FI Sound Card.
if u Choose an add-in card,you will need to disable Mother board inbult sound card this can be do it from jumper setting. The Cost is $ 220 to $300.
As standard the system I choose a 100Mb per second Onboard Network Card .
The Cost is $ 150 to $200.
Processor
Power Unit.
Western Digital TB Hard Disk Drive.The Cost Is $300.
Hard Disk Drive store Or save changing digital information in a relatively permanent form. They give computers the ability to remember things when the power goes out.
CD/DVD Rom drive.Black LG IDE 52x CD-RW And DVD Combo Drive.The cost is $150.
Ram's(random access memory)
Kingston Value Ram 2Gb DDR2 800MHz.
The Cost is $60.is a form of computer data storage. Today it takes the form of integrated circuits that allows the stored data to be accessed in any order
Usb&Bluetooth.Universal Serial Bus.
But u Can Choose What U want to installed Be boz Pc Is Urs Not Mine or u can u chooes open source os like linux it depend on u.
The Cost Of Os Is $240.
The Enviroment Consideration In Disposal Of Computer Hardware and OH+S Considerations in the Use Of Computer Equipment.
The Functions of a Computer Operating System.
What is an Operating System The operating system is the core software component of your computer. It performs many functions and is, in very basic terms, an interface between your computer and the outside world. In the section about hardware, a computer is described as consisting of several component parts including your monitor,
keyboard, mouse, and other parts. The operating system provides an interface to these parts using what is referred to as "drivers". This is why sometimes when you install a new printer or other piece of hardware, your system will ask you to install more software called a driver.
What does a driver do?
A driver is a specially written program which understands the operation of the device it interfaces to, such as a printer, video card, sound card or CD ROM drive. It translates commands from the operating system or user into commands understood by the the component computer part it interfaces with. It also translates responses from the component computer part back to responses that can be understood by the operating system, application program, or user. The below diagram gives a graphical depiction of the interfaces between the operating system and the computer component.
Other Operating System Functions
The operating system provides for several other functions including:
- System tools (programs) used to monitor computer performance, debug problems, or maintain parts of the system.
- A set of libraries or functions which programs may use to perform specific tasks especially relating to interfacing with computer system components.
The operating system makes these interfacing functions along with its other functions operate smoothly and these functions are mostly transparent to the user.
Operating System Concerns
As mentioned previously, an operating system is a computer program. Operating systems are written by human programmers who make mistakes. Therefore there can be errors in the code even though there may be some testing before the product is released. Some companies have better software quality control and testing than others so you may notice varying levels of quality from operating system to operating system. Errors in operating systems cause three main types of problems:
- System crashes and instabilities - These can happen due to a software bug typically in the operating system, although computer programs being run on the operating system can make the system more unstable or may even crash the system by themselves. This varies depending on the type of operating system. A system crash is the act of a system freezing and becoming unresponsive which would cause the user to need to reboot.
- Security flaws - Some software errors leave a door open for the system to be broken into by unauthorized intruders. As these flaws are discovered, unauthorized intruders may try to use these to gain illegal access to your system. Patching these flaws often will help keep your computer system secure. How this is done will be explained later.
- Sometimes errors in the operating system will cause the computer not to work correctly with some peripheral devices such as printers.
Operating System Types
There are many types of operating systems. The most common is the Microsoft suite of operating systems. They include from most recent to the oldest:
- Windows XP Professional Edition - A version used by many businesses on workstations. It has the ability to become a member of a corporate domain.
- Windows XP Home Edition - A lower cost version of Windows XP which is for home use only and should not be used at a business.
- Windows 2000 - A better version of the Windows NT operating system which works well both at home and as a workstation at a business. It includes technologies which allow hardware to be automatically detected and other enhancements over Windows NT.
- Windows ME - A upgraded version from windows 98 but it has been historically plagued with programming errors which may be frustrating for home users.
- Windows 98 - This was produced in two main versions. The first Windows 98 version was plagued with programming errors but the Windows 98 Second Edition which came out later was much better with many errors resolved.
- Windows NT - A version of Windows made specifically for businesses offering better control over workstation capabilities to help network administrators.
- Windows 95 - The first version of Windows after the older Windows 3.x versions offering a better interface and better library functions for programs.
There are other worthwhile types of operating systems not made by Microsoft. The greatest problem with these operating systems lies in the fact that not as many application programs are written for them. However if you can get the type of application programs you are looking for, one of the systems listed below may be a good choice.
- Unix - A system that has been around for many years and it is very stable. It is primary used to be a server rather than a workstation and should not be used by anyone who does not understand the system. It can be difficult to learn. Unix must normally run an a computer made by the same company that produces the software.
- Linux - Linux is similar to Unix in operation but it is free. It also should not be used by anyone who does not understand the system and can be difficult to learn.
- Apple MacIntosh - Most recent versions are based on Unix but it has a good graphical interface so it is both stable (does not crash often or have as many software problems as other systems may have) and easy to learn. One drawback to this system is that it can only be run on Apple produced hardware.
In order for a computer to successfully boot, its BIOS, operating system and hardware components must all be working properly; failure of any one of these three elements will likely result in a failed boot sequence.
When the computer power is first turned on, the cpu initializes itself, which is triggered by a series of clock ticks generated by the system clock. Part of the CPU's initialization is to look to the system's ROM BIOS for its first instruction in the startup program. The ROM BIOS stores the first instruction, which is the instruction to run the Power on self test (POST), in a predetermined memory address. POST begins by checking the BIOS chip and then tests CMOS RAM . If the POST does not detect a battery failure, it then continues to initialize the CPU, checking the inventoried hardware devices (such as the video card), secondary storage device, such as hard drive ,Ports and other hardware devices, such as the keyboard and mouse, to ensure they are functioning properly.
Once the POST has determined that all components are functioning properly and the CPU has successfully initialized, the BIOS looks for an OS to load.
The BIOS typically looks to the CMOS chip to tell it where to find the OS, and in most PCs, the OS loads from the C drive on the hard drive even though the BIOS has the capability to load the OS from a floppy disk, CD or zip drive. The order of drives that the CMOS looks to in order to locate the OS is called the boot process, which can be changed by altering the CMOS setup. Looking to the appropriate boot drive, the BIOS will first encounter the boot record, which tells it where to find the beginning of the OS and the subsequent program file that will initialize the OS.
Once the OS initializes, the BIOS copies its files into memory and the OS basically takes over control of the boot process. Now in control, the OS performs another inventory of the system's memory and memory availability (which the BIOS already checked) and loads the device drivers that it needs to control the peripheral devices , such as a printer,scanner, optical drive, mouse and keyboard. This is the final stage in the boot process, after which the user can access the system’s applications to perform tasks.
The Relashionship between an Application Program,The Operating System And HardWare.
A Description Of the different PC and Mac Opereting System.
My point Of View Is The differences are too many to name. mac has an advantage as a better os because it is extremely underused and people dont waste their time writing virus's for it... It uses a dual bus system which is 128 bit and can process many different processes at once, but because of coding it is not great with the singular large chunks of data processing, it takes very long periods of time to copy files do to its registry, and Windows uses certain aspects of virtual memory to speed this process up.
